Confucius (September 28, 551 – 479 BC) was a Chinese teacher, editor,
politician, and philosopher of the spring and autumn period of Chinese
history.
The philosophy of Confucius
emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships,
justice and sincerity. His followers competed successfully with many other
schools during the Hundred
Schools of Thought era only to be
suppressed in favor of the Legalists during the Qin Dynasty. Following the victory of Han over Chu after
the collapse of Qin, Confucius's thoughts received official sanction and were
further developed into a system known as Confucianism.
Confucius is traditionally
credited with having authored or edited many of the Chinese classic texts including all of the Five Classics, but modern scholars are
cautious of attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself. Aphorisms concerning his teachings were compiled
in the Analects, but only
many years after his death.
Confucius's principles had a
basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong family
loyalty, ancestor worship,
respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives. He also
recommended family as a basis for ideal government. He espoused the well-known
principle "Do not do to others what you do not want done to
yourself", the Golden Rule.
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