Sivananda Saraswati (or Swami Sivanada) (8 September 1887 – 14
July 1963) was a Hindu spiritual teacher and a proponent of Yoga and Vedanta.
Sivananda was born Kuppuswami in Pattamadai,
in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. He studied medicine and
served in British Malaya as a physician for several years
before taking up monasticism. He lived most of his life near Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh.
He was
the founder of the Divine Life
Society (DLS) in 1936, Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy (1948) and author of over 200 books on
yoga, Vedanta and a variety of subjects. He established Sivananda Ashram, the headquarters of
the DLS, on the bank of the Ganges at Sivanandanagar, 3 kilometres
(1.9 mi) from Rishikesh.
Sivananda
Yoga, the yoga form propagated by his disciple Vishnudevananda, is now spread
in many parts of the world through Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres. These
centres are not affiliated with Sivananda's ashrams, which are run by the
Divine Life Society.
Sivananda was
born Kuppuswamy in Pattamadai near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu, India, as the third son to his parents on 8 September 1887. As
a child he was very active and promising in academics and gymnastics. He
attended medical school in Tanjore, where he excelled. He ran a medical journal called Ambrosia during
this period. Upon graduation he practiced medicine and worked as a doctor in Malaya for ten years, with a reputation for providing free
treatment to poor patients. Over time, a sense that medicine was healing on a
superficial level grew in him, urging him to look elsewhere to fill the void,
and in 1923 he left Malaya and returned to India to pursue a spiritual quest.
Upon his
return to India in 1924, he visited Varanasi, Nashik, and then Rishikesh, where he met his guru, Vishwānanda
Saraswati. It was Vishwānanda who initiated him
into the Sannyasa order, and gave him his monastic name. However, since
Sivānanda spent only a few hours with Vishwānanda, the full Viraja Homa ceremonies were performed later by Vishnudevānanda, the Mandaleswara
of Sri Kailas Ashram. After initiation, Sivananda settled in Rishikesh, and
immersed himself in intense spiritual practices. Sivānanda performed
austerities for many years but he also continued to nurse the sick. With some
money from his insurance policy that had matured, he started a charitable
dispensary at Lakshman
Jhula in 1927, serving pilgrims, holy men and the poor using
his medical expertise.
After a few
years, Sivananda went on an extensive pilgrimage and travelled the length and
breadth of India to meditate at holy shrines and came in contact with spiritual
teachers throughout India. During this Parivrajaka (wandering monk) life, Sivānanda
visited important places of pilgrimage in the south, including Rameshvaram. He conducted Sankirtan and delivered lectures during his travels. He visited the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, and met Maharishi
Shuddhananda Bharati to which he gave the title of Maharishi. At the Ramana Ashram, he had the darshan of Ramana
Maharshi on Maharshi's birthday. He sang bhajans and danced in ecstasy with Maharshi's bhaktas. He also went on pilgrimages to various places in
northern India including Kedarnath and Badrinath. He visitedKailash-Manasarovar in 1931.
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