Audrey Hepburn (born; 4
May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British actress. Recognized as a film and
fashion icon, Hepburn was active during Hollywood's Golden Age. She was
ranked by the American Film Institute as the third-greatest
female screen legend in Golden Age Hollywood and was inducted
into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame. Born
in Ixelles, a district of Brussels, Hepburn spent her childhood
between Belgium, England and the Netherlands. In Amsterdam, she studied ballet
With Sonia Gaskell before moving to London in 1948, continuing her
ballet training with Marie Rambert, and then performing as a chorus girl
in West End musical theatre productions.
Following minor
appearances in several films, Hepburn starred in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi after
being spotted by French novelist Colette, on whose work the play was
based. She shot to stardom for playing the lead role in Roman Holiday (1953),
for which she was the first actress to win an Academy Award, a Golden
Globe and a BAFTA Award for a single performance. The same year
Hepburn won a Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a
Play for her performance in Ondine. She went on to star in a number
of successful films, such as Sabrina (1954), The Nun's Story (1959), Breakfast
at Tiffany's (1961), Charade (1963), My Fair Lady(1964)
and Wait Until Dark (1967), for which she received Academy Award,
Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations. Hepburn won a record three BAFTA Awards
for Best British Actress in a Leading Role. In recognition of her film
career, she was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from BAFTA,
the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, the Screen Actors Guild Life
Achievement Award and the Special Tony Award. She remains one of the
few people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Awards.
Hepburn appeared in
fewer films as her life went on, devoting much of her later life
to UNICEF. She had contributed to the organization since 1954, and then
worked in some of the poorest communities of Africa, South America and Asia
between 1988 and 1992. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of
Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill
Ambassador in December 1992. A month later, Hepburn died of appendiceal
cancer at her home in Switzerland at the age of 63.
Hepburn was born Audrey
Kathleen van Heemstra Ruston on 4 May 1929 at number 48 Rue Keyenveld
in Ixelles, a municipality in Brussels, Belgium.[1] Her father, Joseph Victor Anthony
Ruston (1889–1980), was a British subject born in Auschitz, Bohemia,
Austria-Hungary. His mother was Anna Ruston (née Wels), of Austrian
descent, and his father was Victor John George Ruston, of British and
Austrian descent. After World War I, Joseph was appointed British
consul in the Dutch East Indies, and prior to his marriage to Hepburn's
mother he had been married to Cornelia Bisschop, a Dutch heiress. Although
born with the surname Ruston, he later double-barrelled his name to
the more "aristocratic" Hepburn-Ruston, mistakenly believing
himself descended from James Hepburn, third husband of Mary, Queen of
Scots.
Hepburn's mother,
Baroness Ella van Heemstra (1900–1984), a
Dutch aristocrat was the daughter of Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra,
who served as mayor of Arnhem from 1910 to 1920, and as Governor
of Dutch Suriname from 1921 to 1928. Ella's mother was Elbrig
Willemine Henriette, Baroness van Asbeck (1873–1939), who was a granddaughter
of jurist Count Dirk van Hogendorp. At age nineteen, Ella had
married Jonkheer (Esquire) Hendrik Gustaaf Adolf Quarles van Ufford,
an oil executive based in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, where they
subsequently lived. They had two sons, Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander
Quarles van Ufford (1920–1979) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Bruce Quarles van Ufford
(1924–2010), before divorcing in 1925.
Hepburn's parents were
married in Batavia in September 1926. At the time, Ruston worked for a
trading company, but soon after the marriage, the couple relocated to Europe,
where he began working for a loan company. After a year in London, they moved
to Brussels, where he had been assigned to open a branch office. After
three years spent travelling between Brussels, Arnhem, The Hague and
London, the family settled to the suburban Brussels municipality
of Linkebeek in 1932. Hepburn's early childhood was sheltered
and privileged. As a result of her multinational background and travelling
with her family due of her father's job, she learned to speak five
languages: Dutch and English from her parents, and later French, Spanish, and
Italian. To strengthen her English, Hepburn was sent to a boarding
school in Elham, Kent when she was five years old.
In the mid-1930s,
Hepburn's parents recruited and collected donations for the British Union
of Fascists. Joseph left the family abruptly in 1935 and divorced Ella in
1938, which Hepburn later professed was "the most traumatic event of my
life". In the 1960s, she renewed contact with him after locating him
in Dublin through the Red Cross; although he remained
emotionally detached, Hepburn supported him financially until his
death. Following the divorce, Ella began making more frequent visits to
Kent.
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